Platform trucks have a very large flat surface and so are useful for transporting numerous items. Packaged items and crates can be moved using platform trucks. They're usually used to carry large bulky items and can be bought in building supply stores and also flat pack furniture stores. Planks of wood, doors, bricks, paving slabs, bags of cement, plumbing supplies plus more are all easy to transport using a platform truck.
Thursday, July 28, 2011
Ceramic Brake Pedal
Ceramic brake pads are the choice of reason when it comes time to make a replacement,
Brake pads are positioned on the inside of the caliper -that’s the thing you see behind the tire on those cool cars- facing the rotor (the thing that turns the wheel) so when you hit the brake the caliper clamps the pads onto the rotor,
As you can imagine when the spinning wheel comes in contact with the brake it causes a lot of heat which gives of a lot of friction making them stick to the rotor.
There are many advantages and disadvantages that come along with each type of pads, for example how much noise it makes, the wear on the car, dust that it gives off , these are just a few.
There are many advantages and disadvantages that come along with each type of pads, for example how much noise it makes, the wear on the car, dust that it gives off , these are just a few.
Friday, July 8, 2011
Diesel Car
Owning a diesel car can help you save a lot of money on fuel. Due to the ever increasing rise in petrol prices in the UK, the demand for fuel efficient cars is at a parallel. As a diesel engine saves up to one third fuel per mile than petrol powered engines, it is considered to be very fuel efficient. It uses higher compression ratios and combustion temperatures. Though diesel is a non renewable source and releases carbon dioxide into the air, it does so at a much less threatening and harmful rate compared to petrol.
Diesel cars are more efficient in terms of the average miles they give per gallon of fuel. You can save more money on fuel with a diesel car, by following some simple tips.
Share
Diesel cars are more efficient in terms of the average miles they give per gallon of fuel. You can save more money on fuel with a diesel car, by following some simple tips.
Nissan Growth
TOKYO -- In CEO Carlos Ghosn's last big business plan for Nissan, quality had a starring role. In the new plan announced last week, it's a bit player -- even though the brand's quality problems are far from solved.
Two major studies by J.D. Power and Associates show Nissan quality has improved marginally since Ghosn's GT 2012 business plan of 2008. But in both studies Nissan continues to creep along below the industry average -- with lower rankings than in 2008 because rivals have improved more rapidly.
And last week's plan, Power 88, could put additional strain on quality: It speaks ambitiously of grabbing 8 percent of global market share by the spring of 2017, up from 5.8 percent now, while introducing new models and technology at a faster pace.
In Power's 2011 Initial Quality Study released in June, Nissan slid to No. 24, down from 12 last year and 19 in 2008. That study measures owner complaints during the first 90 days of ownership.
In Power's U.S. Vehicle Dependability Study, which measures problems experienced during the past 12 months by original owners of 3-year-old vehicles, Nissan was No. 25, unchanged from last year and down from No. 18 in 2008.
As Ghosn launches a push to capture 8 percent of the global auto market, Toyota looms as a cautionary tale. Its massive recall troubles in 2009-10 were linked to the ambitious growth it pursued after former President Fujio Cho set a target of 15 percent global share. Quality couldn't keep pace with expansion.
Ghosn concedes Nissan isn't where he wants it to be. "We have had a lot of improvements, but we still have a lot of potential to improve," he said last week after unveiling the Power 88 plan. "We have discrepancies, and we need to continue to improve."
Ghosn's 8 percent global market share goal is the key target of a broad plan with detailed numerical objectives. To name a few:
-- Deliver one new vehicle every six weeks, on average.
-- Introduce 90 new technologies, averaging 15 a year.
-- Sell 1.5 million electric vehicles.
-- Capture 10 percent of the market in China, up from 6.2 percent.
-- Expand the Infiniti lineup to 10 models, from seven.
-- Reduce costs 5 percent each year.
Quality, while still one of the Power 88's six pillars, was relegated to only glancing mention in Ghosn's presentation. This time the quality objectives were fuzzy: rank among the top group of global automakers and elevate to leadership among peer brands.
Compare that with the six objectives of "GT 2012 -- Quality Leadership":
-- Halve warranty claim rates for the first three months after delivery.
-- Halve supplier parts defects.
-- Halve breakdown ratio -- defined as a malfunction serious enough to persuade the driver to stop and call for road service assistance -- compared with fiscal 2007.
-- Halve lead time from occurrence of defect to preparation of new parts.
-- Double the number of regions in which sales satisfaction and customer service rankings are top tier.
-- Double the number of models rated high in perceived quality by internal and external survey.
And how did Nissan do? The company has been quiet on these goals since abandoning GT 2012 amid the global financial crisis.
Spokesman Mitsuru Yonekawa said Nissan is not ready to specify how well it did in meeting the 2008 quality objectives. But he said a press event on the subject of quality likely will be held this month in Japan.
But he said many of its quality priorities are wrapped into the target area of improving brand power.
"We need to recognize the fact that quality is a cornerstone of the brand," Ghosn said. "You cannot talk about establishing brand power without bringing a very strong quality contribution."
He also said Nissan won't sacrifice quality to win market share: "The way we're going to reach it is as important as the objective itself. I don't want 8 percent at any cost."
But Nissan's crabwalk in quality improvement remains a weak link. Its top two Japanese competitors, Toyota and Honda, have bested Nissan in initial quality and vehicle dependability every year since 2008, and both routinely score above the industry average.The one exception was Toyota in 2010, when it plunged below average because of its recall debacle.
Dave Sargent, a Power vice president, said Nissan's biggest problem area in the Initial Quality Study this year was onboard information/entertainment systems -- an industrywide problem as customers fumble with complex features and technologies.
Low-scoring models in the 2011 IQS were the Juke and Rogue crossovers, Sargent said. But other workhorses of the lineup, the Altima sedan and Xterra SUV, improved their quality scores.
Ghosn says Nissan has made tremendous progress since he took the reins in 1999.
"There was practically no product in our lineup that deserved being mentioned," Ghosn said. "So a snapshot of where we were and today, it's a big change."
Share
Two major studies by J.D. Power and Associates show Nissan quality has improved marginally since Ghosn's GT 2012 business plan of 2008. But in both studies Nissan continues to creep along below the industry average -- with lower rankings than in 2008 because rivals have improved more rapidly.
And last week's plan, Power 88, could put additional strain on quality: It speaks ambitiously of grabbing 8 percent of global market share by the spring of 2017, up from 5.8 percent now, while introducing new models and technology at a faster pace.
In Power's 2011 Initial Quality Study released in June, Nissan slid to No. 24, down from 12 last year and 19 in 2008. That study measures owner complaints during the first 90 days of ownership.
In Power's U.S. Vehicle Dependability Study, which measures problems experienced during the past 12 months by original owners of 3-year-old vehicles, Nissan was No. 25, unchanged from last year and down from No. 18 in 2008.
As Ghosn launches a push to capture 8 percent of the global auto market, Toyota looms as a cautionary tale. Its massive recall troubles in 2009-10 were linked to the ambitious growth it pursued after former President Fujio Cho set a target of 15 percent global share. Quality couldn't keep pace with expansion.
Ghosn concedes Nissan isn't where he wants it to be. "We have had a lot of improvements, but we still have a lot of potential to improve," he said last week after unveiling the Power 88 plan. "We have discrepancies, and we need to continue to improve."
Ghosn's 8 percent global market share goal is the key target of a broad plan with detailed numerical objectives. To name a few:
-- Deliver one new vehicle every six weeks, on average.
-- Introduce 90 new technologies, averaging 15 a year.
-- Sell 1.5 million electric vehicles.
-- Capture 10 percent of the market in China, up from 6.2 percent.
-- Expand the Infiniti lineup to 10 models, from seven.
-- Reduce costs 5 percent each year.
Quality, while still one of the Power 88's six pillars, was relegated to only glancing mention in Ghosn's presentation. This time the quality objectives were fuzzy: rank among the top group of global automakers and elevate to leadership among peer brands.
Compare that with the six objectives of "GT 2012 -- Quality Leadership":
-- Halve warranty claim rates for the first three months after delivery.
-- Halve supplier parts defects.
-- Halve breakdown ratio -- defined as a malfunction serious enough to persuade the driver to stop and call for road service assistance -- compared with fiscal 2007.
-- Halve lead time from occurrence of defect to preparation of new parts.
-- Double the number of regions in which sales satisfaction and customer service rankings are top tier.
-- Double the number of models rated high in perceived quality by internal and external survey.
And how did Nissan do? The company has been quiet on these goals since abandoning GT 2012 amid the global financial crisis.
Spokesman Mitsuru Yonekawa said Nissan is not ready to specify how well it did in meeting the 2008 quality objectives. But he said a press event on the subject of quality likely will be held this month in Japan.
It's about "brand power'
Ghosn acknowledged a toned-down emphasis in quality under Power 88.But he said many of its quality priorities are wrapped into the target area of improving brand power.
"We need to recognize the fact that quality is a cornerstone of the brand," Ghosn said. "You cannot talk about establishing brand power without bringing a very strong quality contribution."
He also said Nissan won't sacrifice quality to win market share: "The way we're going to reach it is as important as the objective itself. I don't want 8 percent at any cost."
But Nissan's crabwalk in quality improvement remains a weak link. Its top two Japanese competitors, Toyota and Honda, have bested Nissan in initial quality and vehicle dependability every year since 2008, and both routinely score above the industry average.The one exception was Toyota in 2010, when it plunged below average because of its recall debacle.
Dave Sargent, a Power vice president, said Nissan's biggest problem area in the Initial Quality Study this year was onboard information/entertainment systems -- an industrywide problem as customers fumble with complex features and technologies.
Low-scoring models in the 2011 IQS were the Juke and Rogue crossovers, Sargent said. But other workhorses of the lineup, the Altima sedan and Xterra SUV, improved their quality scores.
Ghosn says Nissan has made tremendous progress since he took the reins in 1999.
"There was practically no product in our lineup that deserved being mentioned," Ghosn said. "So a snapshot of where we were and today, it's a big change."
Share
BMW Leads Audi
FRANKFURT -- BMW AG's core brand topped rivals Audi and Mercedes-Benz, selling 134,432 cars worldwide in June, a rise of 12.3 percent over 2010 figures, the company said today.
Mercedes sold a record 120,510 units in June, a rise of 6.4 percent, topping Audi, which saw June sales grew 19 percent to 117,650 cars last month.
BMW brand's global deliveries, boosted by sales of the new 5-series sedan and X3 SUV, rose 17.8 percent to 689,861 units in the first six months of the year, ahead of Audi's 17.7 percent rise to 652,950 cars. Mercedes' sales grew 9.7 percent to 610,531 through six months.
"The figures reflect strong global demand," BMW sales and marketing boss Ian Robertson said in a statement, adding however, that due to the model cycle and the year-on-year base effects, he expects the carmaker's growth to slow in the second half of the year.
In total, BMW Group, including the BMW, Mini and Rolls-Royce brands, sold 165,855 units in June, a rise of 15.9 percent. Between January and June, the brands' sales were 833,366, a rise of 19.7 percent.
China, U.S. sales
Luxury carmakers have achieved huge sales gain in China thanks to the country's growing population of super-rich. But China's car market is expected to cool this year after surging by a third to a record high in 2010.
BMW Group's six-month sales in China jumped 61 percent to 121,614 vehicles. Mercedes and its Smart brand sold 92,174 units in China in the first half, up 52 percent from the same period last year. Meanwhile, Audi continued to be the dominant luxury brand in the world's largest market with sales of 140,699 cars in China in the first half, 28 percent more than in the first half of 2010.
Through six months, Germany is BMW Group's top global sales market with a volume of 149,786 cars, a rise of 10.6 percent. Germany edged BMW Group's second-biggest market, the United States, where the carmaker's sales were up 18 percent to 143,521 units between January and June. Audi's volume in Germany rose 16 percent to 125,091 and its U.S. sales increased 15 percent in the half to 55,909. Mercedes' U.S. sales rose 7 percent to 110,926 in the first half while sales in Germany edged up less than a percent to 123,013 units in the first half.
Read more: http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110707/COPY01/307079920/1131#ixzz1RTy90UxQ Share
Mercedes sold a record 120,510 units in June, a rise of 6.4 percent, topping Audi, which saw June sales grew 19 percent to 117,650 cars last month.
BMW brand's global deliveries, boosted by sales of the new 5-series sedan and X3 SUV, rose 17.8 percent to 689,861 units in the first six months of the year, ahead of Audi's 17.7 percent rise to 652,950 cars. Mercedes' sales grew 9.7 percent to 610,531 through six months.
"The figures reflect strong global demand," BMW sales and marketing boss Ian Robertson said in a statement, adding however, that due to the model cycle and the year-on-year base effects, he expects the carmaker's growth to slow in the second half of the year.
In total, BMW Group, including the BMW, Mini and Rolls-Royce brands, sold 165,855 units in June, a rise of 15.9 percent. Between January and June, the brands' sales were 833,366, a rise of 19.7 percent.
China, U.S. sales
Luxury carmakers have achieved huge sales gain in China thanks to the country's growing population of super-rich. But China's car market is expected to cool this year after surging by a third to a record high in 2010.
BMW Group's six-month sales in China jumped 61 percent to 121,614 vehicles. Mercedes and its Smart brand sold 92,174 units in China in the first half, up 52 percent from the same period last year. Meanwhile, Audi continued to be the dominant luxury brand in the world's largest market with sales of 140,699 cars in China in the first half, 28 percent more than in the first half of 2010.
Through six months, Germany is BMW Group's top global sales market with a volume of 149,786 cars, a rise of 10.6 percent. Germany edged BMW Group's second-biggest market, the United States, where the carmaker's sales were up 18 percent to 143,521 units between January and June. Audi's volume in Germany rose 16 percent to 125,091 and its U.S. sales increased 15 percent in the half to 55,909. Mercedes' U.S. sales rose 7 percent to 110,926 in the first half while sales in Germany edged up less than a percent to 123,013 units in the first half.
Read more: http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110707/COPY01/307079920/1131#ixzz1RTy90UxQ Share
Toyota Motors
TOKYO – Toyota Motor Corp., the automaker most affected by Japan's record earthquake, is planning to build a new engine plant in the nation's devastated Miyagi prefecture and will transfer a subsidiary's production operations to the region.
Toyota Motor Tohoku Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of the automaker, will start building the new engine plant within a few years in Miyagi prefecture as car production ramps up at auto plants owned by the carmaker in the Ohira, Miyagi and nearby Iwate prefectures, said managing director Kozo Sakurai.
"This kind of disaster occurs only once in a thousand years," Sakurai said in an interview at Toyota Tohoku's plant in Taiwa, Miyagi, which makes anti-lock brake systems, axles and suspension systems. "Earthquake risk is now higher for regions that haven't yet been hit, so this is actually a chance for the Miyagi region."
Toyota unit Central Motor Co. began production of the Yaris compact at a new plant in Ohira in January as part of a plan to make the northern Tohoku region, which includes Miyagi and Iwate, a small-car production hub.
Even after the magnitude-9 quake, which left more than 28,000 dead or missing, destroyed nearly 60,000 homes and triggered power shortages, the plan remains largely unchanged, said Makoto Moriya, in charge of Central Motor's production operations.
Toyota Tohoku had already secured 324,000 square meters (3.5 million square feet) of land in April 2008 adjacent to the Taiwa plant to build 200,000 engines for compact cars a year, according to Sakurai and the Miyagi prefecture.
Toyota Tohoku and Central Motor, both wholly owned by Toyota, suffered limited damage from the earthquake because of stable land foundations and because their inland locations shielded them from the subsequent tsunami, Sakurai said.
But equipment that wasn't bolted to the floor at Toyota Tohoku jumped up to 30 centimeters (12 inches), he added. The quake's impact on Central Motor's facilities was similarly minor, Moriya said.
Transferring workers
Central Motor will begin transferring a factory from Kanagawa prefecture near Tokyo, which will be shut, to Ohira by the end of April, a month later than originally planned, Moriya said. About 400 workers in Kanagawa will join 900 employees already in Ohira. Plans to add Corolla production at the plant are unchanged, he said.
Electricity outages and a shortage of parts led all Japanese carmakers to shut down production in Japan, with Toyota losing production of 260,000 units from March 14 to April 8. The world's biggest carmaker is resuming output at all domestic plants on Monday at half capacity.
As well as monitoring the supply of parts, logistics also need to be reconsidered, Moriya said. With substantial damage from the tsunami to Sendai Port, lead-times for parts deliveries may need to be lengthened or other ports may have to be explored, he said.
Year of the rabbit
Ohira is home to a variety of factories, including those of family restaurant chain Skylark Co., zipper maker YKK Corp. and Oki Electric Industry Co., which makes personal computers and ATM machines.
None faced any significant damage, said Masahiro Atobe, mayor of the village."With Central Motor opening its new factory and this being the year of the rabbit, we had great expectation that things would be hopping this year," he said in an interview at a kindergarten ceremony for new students on April 12. "But with the earthquake, things hopped in a different direction."
Toyota suppliers have also built new factories in and around Ohira. Affiliate Toyota Boshoku Corp. began production of seats at a plant last month across the street from Central Motor. Primearth EV Energy Co., a joint venture between Toyota and Panasonic Corp., started producing batteries for hybrid cars at a new plant in Taiwa in January 2010.
Toyota, which began diversifying its production base in Aichi prefecture in central Japan in the late 1980s to Kyushu in the south and Hokkaido in the north, wants to increase sourcing from more suppliers in the Tohoku region to ease logistics issues, Sakurai said.
'Grateful'
With the abundance of jobs, Ohira's population of 5,500 swells 40 percent during the day, Mayor Atobe said.
Manufacturing makes up about 12 percent of Miyagi's economy, according to Governor Yoshihiro Murai. He had aimed to increase that ratio to 20 percent as a declining population and e-commerce undercut service industries, which account for 80 percent of the economy, he said in an interview in February.
"I am very grateful that none of the companies here in Miyagi or those that were planning to move to Miyagi have pulled out since the earthquake," Murai said in an interview at his office in Sendai on April 12.
Before March 11, Miyagi had been in talks with five other auto parts suppliers considering setting up factories in the prefecture. While those talks have been put on hold they are likely to resume in a few months, Murai said.
To help the region back on its feet, Japan needs to help small- and mid-size companies with financing options such as low interest rates and long repayment periods, he said.
"The Tohoku region has a very high-quality labor force," Sakurai said. "We definitely want to forge more ties with the local supply base."
Share
Toyota Motor Tohoku Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of the automaker, will start building the new engine plant within a few years in Miyagi prefecture as car production ramps up at auto plants owned by the carmaker in the Ohira, Miyagi and nearby Iwate prefectures, said managing director Kozo Sakurai.
"This kind of disaster occurs only once in a thousand years," Sakurai said in an interview at Toyota Tohoku's plant in Taiwa, Miyagi, which makes anti-lock brake systems, axles and suspension systems. "Earthquake risk is now higher for regions that haven't yet been hit, so this is actually a chance for the Miyagi region."
Toyota unit Central Motor Co. began production of the Yaris compact at a new plant in Ohira in January as part of a plan to make the northern Tohoku region, which includes Miyagi and Iwate, a small-car production hub.
Even after the magnitude-9 quake, which left more than 28,000 dead or missing, destroyed nearly 60,000 homes and triggered power shortages, the plan remains largely unchanged, said Makoto Moriya, in charge of Central Motor's production operations.
Toyota Tohoku had already secured 324,000 square meters (3.5 million square feet) of land in April 2008 adjacent to the Taiwa plant to build 200,000 engines for compact cars a year, according to Sakurai and the Miyagi prefecture.
Toyota Tohoku and Central Motor, both wholly owned by Toyota, suffered limited damage from the earthquake because of stable land foundations and because their inland locations shielded them from the subsequent tsunami, Sakurai said.
But equipment that wasn't bolted to the floor at Toyota Tohoku jumped up to 30 centimeters (12 inches), he added. The quake's impact on Central Motor's facilities was similarly minor, Moriya said.
Transferring workers
Central Motor will begin transferring a factory from Kanagawa prefecture near Tokyo, which will be shut, to Ohira by the end of April, a month later than originally planned, Moriya said. About 400 workers in Kanagawa will join 900 employees already in Ohira. Plans to add Corolla production at the plant are unchanged, he said.
Electricity outages and a shortage of parts led all Japanese carmakers to shut down production in Japan, with Toyota losing production of 260,000 units from March 14 to April 8. The world's biggest carmaker is resuming output at all domestic plants on Monday at half capacity.
As well as monitoring the supply of parts, logistics also need to be reconsidered, Moriya said. With substantial damage from the tsunami to Sendai Port, lead-times for parts deliveries may need to be lengthened or other ports may have to be explored, he said.
Year of the rabbit
Ohira is home to a variety of factories, including those of family restaurant chain Skylark Co., zipper maker YKK Corp. and Oki Electric Industry Co., which makes personal computers and ATM machines.
None faced any significant damage, said Masahiro Atobe, mayor of the village."With Central Motor opening its new factory and this being the year of the rabbit, we had great expectation that things would be hopping this year," he said in an interview at a kindergarten ceremony for new students on April 12. "But with the earthquake, things hopped in a different direction."
Toyota suppliers have also built new factories in and around Ohira. Affiliate Toyota Boshoku Corp. began production of seats at a plant last month across the street from Central Motor. Primearth EV Energy Co., a joint venture between Toyota and Panasonic Corp., started producing batteries for hybrid cars at a new plant in Taiwa in January 2010.
Toyota, which began diversifying its production base in Aichi prefecture in central Japan in the late 1980s to Kyushu in the south and Hokkaido in the north, wants to increase sourcing from more suppliers in the Tohoku region to ease logistics issues, Sakurai said.
'Grateful'
With the abundance of jobs, Ohira's population of 5,500 swells 40 percent during the day, Mayor Atobe said.
Manufacturing makes up about 12 percent of Miyagi's economy, according to Governor Yoshihiro Murai. He had aimed to increase that ratio to 20 percent as a declining population and e-commerce undercut service industries, which account for 80 percent of the economy, he said in an interview in February.
"I am very grateful that none of the companies here in Miyagi or those that were planning to move to Miyagi have pulled out since the earthquake," Murai said in an interview at his office in Sendai on April 12.
Before March 11, Miyagi had been in talks with five other auto parts suppliers considering setting up factories in the prefecture. While those talks have been put on hold they are likely to resume in a few months, Murai said.
To help the region back on its feet, Japan needs to help small- and mid-size companies with financing options such as low interest rates and long repayment periods, he said.
"The Tohoku region has a very high-quality labor force," Sakurai said. "We definitely want to forge more ties with the local supply base."
Share
Car Wheel
Do you have alloy car wheels installed in your car? Well if this is the case then you will have to b very careful with the maintenance of these wheels. You need to take proper care of your wheels as they are very important for proper running of your car. Here are certain important points that you need to remember for cleaning of the alloy car wheels.
Initially you will have to make sure that you pre rinse the wheels with the help of a fine shower. This will help in removing all dust particles and debris from it.
You will also find tar strains on some of the wheels which will also be cleaned with the special tar remover which is available in the market. Make sure that you perform this activity with a soft cloth preferably cotton.
After this you need to make sure that you buy a wheel cleaner which is easily available in the market. Get a bucket full of warm water and add the cleaner in it. Make sure that you use the cleaner only. Keep in mind to follow the steps mentioned in the manual of the cleaning solution.
You can also opt for sponge cleaning. By dipping a sponge in soapy water you can wash the car wheels very well. This will not only clean all the dust but will also make it shine. It is important for you to rub it in a very systematic way and gentle way too, so that there are no scars on the car. Do not forget to change the water after it becomes dirty or else instead of cleaning the car you might make it dirtier. In order to dry your wheels you can use chamois.
Last but not the least ay to clean the car wheels is by using the special alloy wheel wax available in the market. This is a special kind of wax that not only helps one to clean the car wheels but along with it also helps the wheels to shine and look smarter and richer. This wax is made in a way that it protects the car wheels from the dust particles and also the moisture to enter. This is why you will find most of the users prefer using wheel wax to keep it clean.
These are certain cleaning tips that you need to keep in your mind for the safety of your car wheels Share
Initially you will have to make sure that you pre rinse the wheels with the help of a fine shower. This will help in removing all dust particles and debris from it.
You will also find tar strains on some of the wheels which will also be cleaned with the special tar remover which is available in the market. Make sure that you perform this activity with a soft cloth preferably cotton.
After this you need to make sure that you buy a wheel cleaner which is easily available in the market. Get a bucket full of warm water and add the cleaner in it. Make sure that you use the cleaner only. Keep in mind to follow the steps mentioned in the manual of the cleaning solution.
You can also opt for sponge cleaning. By dipping a sponge in soapy water you can wash the car wheels very well. This will not only clean all the dust but will also make it shine. It is important for you to rub it in a very systematic way and gentle way too, so that there are no scars on the car. Do not forget to change the water after it becomes dirty or else instead of cleaning the car you might make it dirtier. In order to dry your wheels you can use chamois.
Last but not the least ay to clean the car wheels is by using the special alloy wheel wax available in the market. This is a special kind of wax that not only helps one to clean the car wheels but along with it also helps the wheels to shine and look smarter and richer. This wax is made in a way that it protects the car wheels from the dust particles and also the moisture to enter. This is why you will find most of the users prefer using wheel wax to keep it clean.
These are certain cleaning tips that you need to keep in your mind for the safety of your car wheels Share
Get Solve for Transmission
The transmission is a critical component of overall vehicle operation and without it you would not be able to drive your car. A transmission allows you to move your vehicle forwards and backwards at different speeds. For car owners, transmission failure can be a complete nightmare, costing thousands of dollars to fix or replace. Nobody knows when or where a transmission will fail, so there is another inconvenience of possibly being stranded in the middle of nowhere or on your way to an important function. Although transmission failure is not something any car owner wants to hear about, there are warning signs that may indicate your vehicle is having some kind of transmission problems. Remember, even if your vehicle is experiencing one or more of these warning signs, it does not necessarily mean it is the transmission. Symptoms of a bad transmission overlap with numerous other common vehicle problems, so it is always best to take your vehicle in to have it inspected before just jumping to any irrational conclusion. Bringing your vehicle in for an evaluation and possibly catching a minor problem before it becomes a major issues, might save you thousands of dollars. All that said, below are some of the more common symptoms of a bad transmission:
Leaky Fluid-transmissions require fluid in order to function and are the lifeblood of the transmission, serving to keep the internal parts cool and lubricated. One warning sign of a bad transmission is when your vehicle begins to leak transmission fluid. If you park on a white surface, such as a concrete driveway or in a garage, you will be able to tell if you have such fluid leakage. If you park on a dirt or grass surface you will need to place a white cloth or blanket underneath the hood part of your car to find such leakage. If you notice any pinkish fluid leaking out, then you will know that it is from the transmission. Also any very dark or burned looking fluid is another sign that the transmission may be having a problem since optimal color should be a dark or cherry red. Any fluids leaking from your vehicle are cause for concern and warrant taking your vehicle to get transmission repair at as soon as possible.
Slipping-another warning sign is transmission gear slippage. This is usually one of the more common signs of transmission failure. You will know if there is a slippage problem if you try to accelerate from a stopped position. Vehicles with normal functioning transmissions allow for a smooth acceleration without hesitation, however a vehicle that may be experiencing a transmission problem would slow down this acceleration process and at the same time your vehicle's RPM spikes up. A jerking motion when putting the vehicle in gear or accelerating from a stand still would be a sign of gear slippage as well.
Surging-when driving your car at steady speeds, you should never notice any type of jerking movements. Bad transmissions usually cause vehicles to surge or lurch ahead. You might hear the RPM’s have a sudden increase as well. Again, this issue needs to be solved right away and you should take your car to a service center as soon as you’re able.
Any Type of Burning Odor-a burning smell can be many things, and this includes your transmission. A burning odor coming from your transmission fluid means the fluid has broken down. When this happens, corrosive agents and varnish accumulate throughout the transmission. When this happens, heat builds up and can ultimately cause complete transmission failure. Transmission overheating can be disastrous, so if you ever smell any kind of burning odor, stop driving immediately until you have your vehicle checked out by a professional.
Non-existent Transmission Action-transmissions that do not engage no matter what gear you are in can indicate a serious transmission problem. There could also be some sort of electronic failure causing your transmission not to engage, so best thing to do is have it looked at right away to determine the extent of the problem. Many repair shops will offer free towing with repair if you’re within a certain distance from their location.
Dashboard Lights-your dashboard is your friend and usually (not all the time) if your vehicle is having a problem a warning light will come on to alert you. If you notice that your check engine light comes on, take your vehicle in for an inspection as soon as possible. Although the check engine light can be indicative of many things, even something as simple as an electronic sensor or computer chip malfunction, it can also indicate a possible transmission problem, so it is always better to be safe than sorry here. Don’t always think the worst case scenario just because you see warning lights come on in your vehicle. Your vehicle is simply alerting you that an issue needs to be addressed.
There are many things that can go wrong when driving your vehicle, so it is always wise to have your vehicle checked on a routine basis and at specific mileage intervals according to your owner's manual. There are over 300 moving parts in many transmissions and any one of these could be the cause of your problem. A transmission problem is usually the extreme when it comes to diagnosing different vehicle problems, but it is a problem that no car owner desires to have. As soon as you notice any of the above symptoms or other abnormalities when driving your vehicle, don’t take chances and have the vehicle checked out. Routine maintenance can be a low cost of way of preventing major transmission failure down the road. Although there are no guarantees of preventing any kind of possible transmission problems, having knowledge about the symptoms of a bad transmission may prevent further damage to this vital component and save you a lot of money in the long run. Share
Leaky Fluid-transmissions require fluid in order to function and are the lifeblood of the transmission, serving to keep the internal parts cool and lubricated. One warning sign of a bad transmission is when your vehicle begins to leak transmission fluid. If you park on a white surface, such as a concrete driveway or in a garage, you will be able to tell if you have such fluid leakage. If you park on a dirt or grass surface you will need to place a white cloth or blanket underneath the hood part of your car to find such leakage. If you notice any pinkish fluid leaking out, then you will know that it is from the transmission. Also any very dark or burned looking fluid is another sign that the transmission may be having a problem since optimal color should be a dark or cherry red. Any fluids leaking from your vehicle are cause for concern and warrant taking your vehicle to get transmission repair at as soon as possible.
Slipping-another warning sign is transmission gear slippage. This is usually one of the more common signs of transmission failure. You will know if there is a slippage problem if you try to accelerate from a stopped position. Vehicles with normal functioning transmissions allow for a smooth acceleration without hesitation, however a vehicle that may be experiencing a transmission problem would slow down this acceleration process and at the same time your vehicle's RPM spikes up. A jerking motion when putting the vehicle in gear or accelerating from a stand still would be a sign of gear slippage as well.
Surging-when driving your car at steady speeds, you should never notice any type of jerking movements. Bad transmissions usually cause vehicles to surge or lurch ahead. You might hear the RPM’s have a sudden increase as well. Again, this issue needs to be solved right away and you should take your car to a service center as soon as you’re able.
Any Type of Burning Odor-a burning smell can be many things, and this includes your transmission. A burning odor coming from your transmission fluid means the fluid has broken down. When this happens, corrosive agents and varnish accumulate throughout the transmission. When this happens, heat builds up and can ultimately cause complete transmission failure. Transmission overheating can be disastrous, so if you ever smell any kind of burning odor, stop driving immediately until you have your vehicle checked out by a professional.
Non-existent Transmission Action-transmissions that do not engage no matter what gear you are in can indicate a serious transmission problem. There could also be some sort of electronic failure causing your transmission not to engage, so best thing to do is have it looked at right away to determine the extent of the problem. Many repair shops will offer free towing with repair if you’re within a certain distance from their location.
Dashboard Lights-your dashboard is your friend and usually (not all the time) if your vehicle is having a problem a warning light will come on to alert you. If you notice that your check engine light comes on, take your vehicle in for an inspection as soon as possible. Although the check engine light can be indicative of many things, even something as simple as an electronic sensor or computer chip malfunction, it can also indicate a possible transmission problem, so it is always better to be safe than sorry here. Don’t always think the worst case scenario just because you see warning lights come on in your vehicle. Your vehicle is simply alerting you that an issue needs to be addressed.
There are many things that can go wrong when driving your vehicle, so it is always wise to have your vehicle checked on a routine basis and at specific mileage intervals according to your owner's manual. There are over 300 moving parts in many transmissions and any one of these could be the cause of your problem. A transmission problem is usually the extreme when it comes to diagnosing different vehicle problems, but it is a problem that no car owner desires to have. As soon as you notice any of the above symptoms or other abnormalities when driving your vehicle, don’t take chances and have the vehicle checked out. Routine maintenance can be a low cost of way of preventing major transmission failure down the road. Although there are no guarantees of preventing any kind of possible transmission problems, having knowledge about the symptoms of a bad transmission may prevent further damage to this vital component and save you a lot of money in the long run. Share
Cars Industry In Japan
Following the devastation of the earthquake and tsunami which ripped through many areas in the North of Japan several weeks ago, several major Japanese car companies have suspended production and some factories of the country's biggest car manufacturers are still shut down.
Tragically, some 7,200 people have now been confirmed dead and the government said it expects the death toll to exceed 10,000. Nearly 11,000 people remain missing and millions have been left homeless.
Toyota, the world's top automobile manufacturer, immediately suspended production at all its domestic car plants and parts factories and has estimated a production decline of 40,000 vehicles. The company has announced that it does not plan to restart production until later this week, and puts its production loss at some 16,000 vehicles.
The factories, even those that have not been severely damaged, could start-up again in the coming days but not for long due to the massive disruption to their supplier network. Toyota Motor Corp resumed the production of repair or replacement parts yesterday, however assembly plants throughout Japan remain closed, spelling a knock-on effect for the production of 95,000 vehicles.
Honda and Nissan have also temporarily halted operations, while Fuji Heavy Industries, maker of Subaru cars, closed five factories having suffered partial building and equipment damage. All three Mitsubishi plants based in Japan came away unscathed by the disaster, however some of its major suppliers were affected, halting plant operations until mid week.
Before the earthquake, Japan was making 37,000 cars and trucks each day. It exported more than half of them. Fourteen percent of the 7.2 core vehicles produced worldwide last year were made in Japan.
Most of the Japanese carmakers are based in the south of Tokyo, which was able to evade the calamity. However, senior importers have reported that the damage to the overall infrastructure in the country could cause a more lasting impact.
A shortage of parts shipped from Japan has already triggered a slowdown of production at the North American plants of Toyota, Subaru and General Motors in an attempt to conserve parts stockpiles. These problems will soon have further repercussions abroad. Japan is the world's second-largest car exporter (after Germany) and more than one in every ten cars produced in the world comes from Japan. In 2010, the export market (including cars and parts) was worth 130 billion dollars.
According to the carmaker, 60 percent of the cars sold in Europe are manufactured in Japan, but it can take about six weeks for Toyota vehicles to travel from Japan to Europe. This means that over the next five weeks, European dealers will still be receiving cars - or car parts - manufactured before the earthquake and the tsunami. Any disruptions in European or American plants would only begin to occur by the middle of April. Share
Tragically, some 7,200 people have now been confirmed dead and the government said it expects the death toll to exceed 10,000. Nearly 11,000 people remain missing and millions have been left homeless.
Toyota, the world's top automobile manufacturer, immediately suspended production at all its domestic car plants and parts factories and has estimated a production decline of 40,000 vehicles. The company has announced that it does not plan to restart production until later this week, and puts its production loss at some 16,000 vehicles.
The factories, even those that have not been severely damaged, could start-up again in the coming days but not for long due to the massive disruption to their supplier network. Toyota Motor Corp resumed the production of repair or replacement parts yesterday, however assembly plants throughout Japan remain closed, spelling a knock-on effect for the production of 95,000 vehicles.
Honda and Nissan have also temporarily halted operations, while Fuji Heavy Industries, maker of Subaru cars, closed five factories having suffered partial building and equipment damage. All three Mitsubishi plants based in Japan came away unscathed by the disaster, however some of its major suppliers were affected, halting plant operations until mid week.
Before the earthquake, Japan was making 37,000 cars and trucks each day. It exported more than half of them. Fourteen percent of the 7.2 core vehicles produced worldwide last year were made in Japan.
Most of the Japanese carmakers are based in the south of Tokyo, which was able to evade the calamity. However, senior importers have reported that the damage to the overall infrastructure in the country could cause a more lasting impact.
A shortage of parts shipped from Japan has already triggered a slowdown of production at the North American plants of Toyota, Subaru and General Motors in an attempt to conserve parts stockpiles. These problems will soon have further repercussions abroad. Japan is the world's second-largest car exporter (after Germany) and more than one in every ten cars produced in the world comes from Japan. In 2010, the export market (including cars and parts) was worth 130 billion dollars.
According to the carmaker, 60 percent of the cars sold in Europe are manufactured in Japan, but it can take about six weeks for Toyota vehicles to travel from Japan to Europe. This means that over the next five weeks, European dealers will still be receiving cars - or car parts - manufactured before the earthquake and the tsunami. Any disruptions in European or American plants would only begin to occur by the middle of April. Share
Auto Air Conditioning System Parts
If your auto air conditioning system is giving you problems, you probably need the help of a specialist. However, sometimes you can fix some of the more minor problems yourself, or at least arrange for a stopgap measure until you actually get the time to visit a car repair shop. For that you need to be familiar with the inner workings of your auto air conditioning system, and be acquainted with the more common problems that such systems face.
The first thing you need to realize is that the A/C in your car is basically just a fridge. You have mostly the same parts, with a design change. Given below are the most common parts of a car air conditioner:-
The Compressor: - The compressor pressurizes the refrigerant and circulates it throughout your car. Compressors usually malfunction if there is a leak in the system
The Condenser: - The condenser's job is twofold. First, as can be guessed from its name, the condenser cools the refrigerant by removing excess heat from it. Second, it catches any debris coming from the compressor. Condensers are expensive and cannot be replaced frequently; at least not without causing a severe dent in your pocket, so it's better to clean and repair them when necessary.
The Refrigerant: - This is what collects the heat from inside your vehicle and dumps it outside. In modern cars it's a substance called R134a, whereas older cars have something called Freon. Freon has been gradually phased out because of the damage it causes to the ozone layer.
The Expansion Valve: - This is a type of nozzle that controls the pressure and flow of the refrigerant.
The Evaporator: - This transfers the heat from your car to the refrigerant, effectively cooling your car.
These are the basic parts of your car air conditioner, and while knowing them will not allow you to do the work of a skilled auto technician, they can help identify the more common A/C related problems and decide which one needs immediate attention.
For those looking to fix their auto air conditioning, Tucson has quite a few options. However, the one name that most auto enthusiasts of the area trust is Brakemax. They provide complete car care of the highest quality, and if you love your car and would not entrust it to anyone but the best, you need to visit brakemax.com and check out their services immediately. Share
The first thing you need to realize is that the A/C in your car is basically just a fridge. You have mostly the same parts, with a design change. Given below are the most common parts of a car air conditioner:-
The Compressor: - The compressor pressurizes the refrigerant and circulates it throughout your car. Compressors usually malfunction if there is a leak in the system
The Condenser: - The condenser's job is twofold. First, as can be guessed from its name, the condenser cools the refrigerant by removing excess heat from it. Second, it catches any debris coming from the compressor. Condensers are expensive and cannot be replaced frequently; at least not without causing a severe dent in your pocket, so it's better to clean and repair them when necessary.
The Refrigerant: - This is what collects the heat from inside your vehicle and dumps it outside. In modern cars it's a substance called R134a, whereas older cars have something called Freon. Freon has been gradually phased out because of the damage it causes to the ozone layer.
The Expansion Valve: - This is a type of nozzle that controls the pressure and flow of the refrigerant.
The Evaporator: - This transfers the heat from your car to the refrigerant, effectively cooling your car.
These are the basic parts of your car air conditioner, and while knowing them will not allow you to do the work of a skilled auto technician, they can help identify the more common A/C related problems and decide which one needs immediate attention.
For those looking to fix their auto air conditioning, Tucson has quite a few options. However, the one name that most auto enthusiasts of the area trust is Brakemax. They provide complete car care of the highest quality, and if you love your car and would not entrust it to anyone but the best, you need to visit brakemax.com and check out their services immediately. Share
scooters
For the reason that our kids are sure to inherit the earth, whatever condition it is in, it is crucial that, as long as we are here, we make certain to protect and safeguard it. When a child receives a bicycle, it's generally regarded as a milestone in their development. This is also a fact whenever they start driving—this is a main step toward adulthood. If you want to incorporate a sense of awareness about environmental issues in your youngsters, you need to realise that there is a an eco-friendly choice that entails not just pedalling or not just operating a motor vehicle, but both. What are we referring to? The electric bicycle, of course! Electric bicycles are a perfect means of showing your child the significance of taking care of and appreciating their environment, and they can get versions suited for them. Read on the learn about the Razor Pocket Mod electric scooter.
Electric Bicycles: Major Characteristics of the Razor Pocket Mod Electric Scooter
It will cost under £320.00 to purchase the Razor Pocket Mod for your youngster. Having been motivated by customary styles of past times, this unique scooter narrows the gap between pedalled and fossil-fuel power vehicles. Electric bicycles are power driven with robust, rechargeable motors which do not have very much effect on environmental aspects. This Pocket Mod is equipped with a step through frame plus 30cm pneumatic tyres. The frame is made from steel, so it's sure to endure the rigours of belonging to a youngster. Of course, it is not a toy. The high torque motor and chain drive propel the scooter along at a maximum speed of about 9kph. The battery has a range of about 10 miles before it needs recharging. The bicycle’s retractable centre-mounted kickstand is also a component we particularly favour.
Electric Bicycles: More About the Razor Pocket Mod
Just the same as a bike, this Pocket Mod is constructed with a secure hand-controlled rear brake. It is effortless to activate via a direct start twist-grip throttle. It has a weight of merely 26kg, which enables the battery to last longer before charging. There is a useful storage section underneath the seat to store those significant childhood belongings. The scooter measures 127cm x 45cm x 76cm (L x W x H). It is made for kids 13 years old and older; it will withstand a maximum user weight of 77kg.
Electric Bicycles: Some Concluding Comments Regarding Safety
You have the option to buy some fundamental and enjoyable accessories for this Pocket Mod such as Rider H&B helmets and also pad sets for both males and females. Furthermore, you can get a Bell Faction helmet with a matte black finish. Whichever helmet you pick out, make certain you get the proper helmet to fit your child’s head. It needs to fit on top of his/her head and have 2 finger widths of room between the eyebrows and the helmet. When you fasten this helmet’s strap, there should be exactly one finger’s width of slack. Remember, that there may be hidden damages, if the youngster has a accident whilst wearing this helmet. Therefore, it would be better to get rid of and replace the helmet.
Just the same as electric bicycles, scooters such as the Razor Pocket Mod would be a terrific gift for a kid. Share
Electric Bicycles: Major Characteristics of the Razor Pocket Mod Electric Scooter
It will cost under £320.00 to purchase the Razor Pocket Mod for your youngster. Having been motivated by customary styles of past times, this unique scooter narrows the gap between pedalled and fossil-fuel power vehicles. Electric bicycles are power driven with robust, rechargeable motors which do not have very much effect on environmental aspects. This Pocket Mod is equipped with a step through frame plus 30cm pneumatic tyres. The frame is made from steel, so it's sure to endure the rigours of belonging to a youngster. Of course, it is not a toy. The high torque motor and chain drive propel the scooter along at a maximum speed of about 9kph. The battery has a range of about 10 miles before it needs recharging. The bicycle’s retractable centre-mounted kickstand is also a component we particularly favour.
Electric Bicycles: More About the Razor Pocket Mod
Just the same as a bike, this Pocket Mod is constructed with a secure hand-controlled rear brake. It is effortless to activate via a direct start twist-grip throttle. It has a weight of merely 26kg, which enables the battery to last longer before charging. There is a useful storage section underneath the seat to store those significant childhood belongings. The scooter measures 127cm x 45cm x 76cm (L x W x H). It is made for kids 13 years old and older; it will withstand a maximum user weight of 77kg.
Electric Bicycles: Some Concluding Comments Regarding Safety
You have the option to buy some fundamental and enjoyable accessories for this Pocket Mod such as Rider H&B helmets and also pad sets for both males and females. Furthermore, you can get a Bell Faction helmet with a matte black finish. Whichever helmet you pick out, make certain you get the proper helmet to fit your child’s head. It needs to fit on top of his/her head and have 2 finger widths of room between the eyebrows and the helmet. When you fasten this helmet’s strap, there should be exactly one finger’s width of slack. Remember, that there may be hidden damages, if the youngster has a accident whilst wearing this helmet. Therefore, it would be better to get rid of and replace the helmet.
Just the same as electric bicycles, scooters such as the Razor Pocket Mod would be a terrific gift for a kid. Share
Sunday, July 3, 2011
Steam automobiles
Cugnot's steam wagon, the second (1771) version
Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672, designed as a toy for the Chinese Emperor, it being of small scale and unable to carry a driver or passenger but, quite possibly, the first working steam-powered vehicle ('auto-mobile').[3][4]
A replica of Richard Trevithick's 1801 road locomotive 'Puffing Devil'
Steam-powered self-propelled vehicles are thought to have been devised in the late-18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his fardier à vapeur, an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770 and 1771. As Cugnot's design proved to be impractical, his invention was not developed in his native France. The centre of innovation shifted to Great Britain. By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth, and in 1801 Richard Trevithick was running a full-sized vehicle on the road in Camborne.[5] Such vehicles were in vogue for a time, and over the next decades such innovations as hand brakes, multi-speed transmissions, and better steering developed. Some were commercially successful in providing mass transit, until a backlash against these large speedy vehicles resulted in the passage of the Locomotive Act (1865), which required self-propelled vehicles on public roads in the United Kingdom to be preceded by a man on foot waving a red flag and blowing a horn. This effectively killed road auto development in the UK for most of the rest of the 19th century; inventors and engineers shifted their efforts to improvements in railway locomotives. The law was not repealed until 1896, although the need for the red flag was removed in 1878.
In Russia in the 1780s, Ivan Kulibin started working on a human-pedalled carriage with a steam engine. He finished working on it in 1791. Some of its features included a flywheel, brake, gearbox, and bearing, which are also the features of a modern automobile. His design had three roadwheels. The Czarist government failed to see the potential market, there was little private development, and the vehicle was not developed further.[6][7]
The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789. In 1805, Evans demonstrated his first successful self-propelled vehicle, which not only was the first automobile in the USA, but was also the first amphibious vehicle. His steam-powered vehicle was able to travel on roadwheels on land, and via a paddle wheel in the water.
The first carriage sized[8] automobile in the United States was a steam powered vehicle invented in 1871, by Dr. J.W. Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine, Wisconsin. It induced the State of Wisconsin in 1875, to offer a $10,000 award to the first to produce a practical substitute for the use of horses and other animals. They stipulated that the vehicle would have to maintain an average speed of more than five miles per hour over a 200 mile course. The offer led to the first city to city automobile race in the United States, starting on July 16, 1878, in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and ending in Madison, via Appleton, Oshkosh, Waupun, Watertown, Fort Atkinson, and Janesville. While seven vehicles were registered, only two started to compete: the entries from Green Bay and Oshkosh. The vehicle from Green Bay was faster, but broke down before completing the race. The Oshkosh finished the 201 mile course in 33 hours and 27 minutes, and posted an average speed of six miles per hour. In 1879, the legislature awarded half the prize.[9]
Among other efforts, in 1815, a professor at Prague Polytechnich, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired steam car.[10]:p.27 Walter Hancock, builder and operator of London steam buses, in 1838 built a four-seat steam phaeton.[10]:p27 Steam-car development continued, leading to significant advances by the early 1900s (see Edwardian Era car). Share
Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672, designed as a toy for the Chinese Emperor, it being of small scale and unable to carry a driver or passenger but, quite possibly, the first working steam-powered vehicle ('auto-mobile').[3][4]
A replica of Richard Trevithick's 1801 road locomotive 'Puffing Devil'
Steam-powered self-propelled vehicles are thought to have been devised in the late-18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his fardier à vapeur, an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770 and 1771. As Cugnot's design proved to be impractical, his invention was not developed in his native France. The centre of innovation shifted to Great Britain. By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth, and in 1801 Richard Trevithick was running a full-sized vehicle on the road in Camborne.[5] Such vehicles were in vogue for a time, and over the next decades such innovations as hand brakes, multi-speed transmissions, and better steering developed. Some were commercially successful in providing mass transit, until a backlash against these large speedy vehicles resulted in the passage of the Locomotive Act (1865), which required self-propelled vehicles on public roads in the United Kingdom to be preceded by a man on foot waving a red flag and blowing a horn. This effectively killed road auto development in the UK for most of the rest of the 19th century; inventors and engineers shifted their efforts to improvements in railway locomotives. The law was not repealed until 1896, although the need for the red flag was removed in 1878.
In Russia in the 1780s, Ivan Kulibin started working on a human-pedalled carriage with a steam engine. He finished working on it in 1791. Some of its features included a flywheel, brake, gearbox, and bearing, which are also the features of a modern automobile. His design had three roadwheels. The Czarist government failed to see the potential market, there was little private development, and the vehicle was not developed further.[6][7]
The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789. In 1805, Evans demonstrated his first successful self-propelled vehicle, which not only was the first automobile in the USA, but was also the first amphibious vehicle. His steam-powered vehicle was able to travel on roadwheels on land, and via a paddle wheel in the water.
The first carriage sized[8] automobile in the United States was a steam powered vehicle invented in 1871, by Dr. J.W. Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine, Wisconsin. It induced the State of Wisconsin in 1875, to offer a $10,000 award to the first to produce a practical substitute for the use of horses and other animals. They stipulated that the vehicle would have to maintain an average speed of more than five miles per hour over a 200 mile course. The offer led to the first city to city automobile race in the United States, starting on July 16, 1878, in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and ending in Madison, via Appleton, Oshkosh, Waupun, Watertown, Fort Atkinson, and Janesville. While seven vehicles were registered, only two started to compete: the entries from Green Bay and Oshkosh. The vehicle from Green Bay was faster, but broke down before completing the race. The Oshkosh finished the 201 mile course in 33 hours and 27 minutes, and posted an average speed of six miles per hour. In 1879, the legislature awarded half the prize.[9]
Among other efforts, in 1815, a professor at Prague Polytechnich, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired steam car.[10]:p.27 Walter Hancock, builder and operator of London steam buses, in 1838 built a four-seat steam phaeton.[10]:p27 Steam-car development continued, leading to significant advances by the early 1900s (see Edwardian Era car). Share
The Functions Of Torque Converters
If manual cars use clutch, automatic cars use torque converters. A torque converter is a fluid coupling mechanism that allows the engine to spin independently from the transmission. Torque means power in the automobile's dictionary. Torque converter then is literally a power converter.
There are four different torque converter parts: pump, turbine, stator, and transmission fluid. The transmission fluid provides the converter the high performance power to do its job for fluid coupling. The pump acts as a centrifuge. It works pretty much like a washing machine. As the pump spins, the transmission fluid is flung to the torque converter's outer part. As the transmission fluid is flung outside, a vacuum is created at the center which further draws more fluid toward it. The turbine, on the other hand, causes the fluid to change direction, which in turn also causes the turbine to spin. Now if the transmission fluid hits the pump, it would cause the engine to slow down, thus wasting energy. To prevent this, a typical torque converter has stator. It redirects the transmission fluid so it does not hit the torque converter pumps. The stator dramatically increases the efficiency of any torque converter.
Working together, these four torque converter parts ensure that the torque converter function well. There are five specific functions that converters do. It provides multiple torque or power generated by the engine. It works like a clutch that transmits engine torque. It absorbs vibration of the vehicle's engine, smooths out the engine's rotation, and drives oil out of the hydraulic control system.
Like the other parts of any vehicle, these torque converter parts are also prone to wear and tear. However big or small, any damage on them means the owner of the vehicle is in for some torque repair. Do not forget to check that everything is well lubricated so that the converters move smoothly. For instance, as what we have stated awhile ago, the turbine is an essential component of the transmission torque converter. It is what connects the input shaft when the torque converter is mounted to the transmission. Normally damage to this part ensues a replacement of the whole transmission torque converter.
Another common problem is stator clutch seizure. Stator clutch seizure happens when the blades of the stator become locked together preventing it from rotating during the coupling phase. This trouble is usually resolved through either complete torque rebuild or re-installation of your torque converter.
One of the minor but vital parts of converters is the torque converter clutch. It acts an electronic clutch that engages the engine and the powertrain or the part that generates power and delivers it to the road surface. The torque converter clutch is also known as a lock up converter. It slips and makes idle the car so it does not move. However, it never completely engages the way manual transmission car clutch can. Little slips cause inefficiency. Expect that manual transmission cars have higher performance level and better mileage than automatic ones. Share
There are four different torque converter parts: pump, turbine, stator, and transmission fluid. The transmission fluid provides the converter the high performance power to do its job for fluid coupling. The pump acts as a centrifuge. It works pretty much like a washing machine. As the pump spins, the transmission fluid is flung to the torque converter's outer part. As the transmission fluid is flung outside, a vacuum is created at the center which further draws more fluid toward it. The turbine, on the other hand, causes the fluid to change direction, which in turn also causes the turbine to spin. Now if the transmission fluid hits the pump, it would cause the engine to slow down, thus wasting energy. To prevent this, a typical torque converter has stator. It redirects the transmission fluid so it does not hit the torque converter pumps. The stator dramatically increases the efficiency of any torque converter.
Working together, these four torque converter parts ensure that the torque converter function well. There are five specific functions that converters do. It provides multiple torque or power generated by the engine. It works like a clutch that transmits engine torque. It absorbs vibration of the vehicle's engine, smooths out the engine's rotation, and drives oil out of the hydraulic control system.
Like the other parts of any vehicle, these torque converter parts are also prone to wear and tear. However big or small, any damage on them means the owner of the vehicle is in for some torque repair. Do not forget to check that everything is well lubricated so that the converters move smoothly. For instance, as what we have stated awhile ago, the turbine is an essential component of the transmission torque converter. It is what connects the input shaft when the torque converter is mounted to the transmission. Normally damage to this part ensues a replacement of the whole transmission torque converter.
Another common problem is stator clutch seizure. Stator clutch seizure happens when the blades of the stator become locked together preventing it from rotating during the coupling phase. This trouble is usually resolved through either complete torque rebuild or re-installation of your torque converter.
One of the minor but vital parts of converters is the torque converter clutch. It acts an electronic clutch that engages the engine and the powertrain or the part that generates power and delivers it to the road surface. The torque converter clutch is also known as a lock up converter. It slips and makes idle the car so it does not move. However, it never completely engages the way manual transmission car clutch can. Little slips cause inefficiency. Expect that manual transmission cars have higher performance level and better mileage than automatic ones. Share
Oil Change in Vehicles is Important
Changing vehicle oil on a regular basis is an extremely important task which offers a number of benefits to vehicle owners.
Oil plays an extremely important role of providing lubrication in the engine. Apart from lubricating engine parts, the oil also performs other important roles like cleaning of engine, reducing pollutants, stopping the formation of sludge and cooling the vehicle. But, if it is not changed on a regular basis, it can result in engine failure and engine wear and tear thus causing huge loss in terms of vehicle performance.
Some of the major benefits offered by oil change include improved gas mileage, improved engine stability and life, increased performance etc. All the benefits have been discussed below in detail.
Improvement in gas mileage
This is one of the major benefits offered by routine oil change. If the engine oil is not changed from a long time, it becomes less viscous and starts losing its ability to lubricate and protect elements of engine. As a result, friction occurs between moving parts of the engine thus causing wear and tear. The more will be the friction, the more the engine needs to work in order to overcome that friction. On the other hand, new oil is extremely viscous, smooth and allows engine to move smoothly with smallest friction.
Improves engine stability and life
This is another important benefit offered by regular oil change to vehicle owners. It improves the life of the engine thus making it functional for years to come. Oil change on a regular basis keeps engine clean. Clean engine shows less signs of ageing and offers an excellent performance for a longer time period.
Increased performance
We all know that performance of a vehicle majorly depends on the condition of the engine. If it is good, performance increases.
Stops noise produced by vehicle
Regular changes of engine oil also prevent the parts of an engine from coming into contact with each other. This helps in reducing the noise made by the vehicle. Moreover, it also reduces the temperature of the engine.
Thus, it becomes clear that regular oil change offers a number of advantages to vehicle owners. Getting oil change performed by an auto service centre is a good decision. There are many auto service centers offering such services to vehicle owners. One needs to do a deep research in order to find a reliable service center which uses quality products and motor oil. Individuals can take help from internet in this regard. Share
Oil plays an extremely important role of providing lubrication in the engine. Apart from lubricating engine parts, the oil also performs other important roles like cleaning of engine, reducing pollutants, stopping the formation of sludge and cooling the vehicle. But, if it is not changed on a regular basis, it can result in engine failure and engine wear and tear thus causing huge loss in terms of vehicle performance.
Some of the major benefits offered by oil change include improved gas mileage, improved engine stability and life, increased performance etc. All the benefits have been discussed below in detail.
Improvement in gas mileage
This is one of the major benefits offered by routine oil change. If the engine oil is not changed from a long time, it becomes less viscous and starts losing its ability to lubricate and protect elements of engine. As a result, friction occurs between moving parts of the engine thus causing wear and tear. The more will be the friction, the more the engine needs to work in order to overcome that friction. On the other hand, new oil is extremely viscous, smooth and allows engine to move smoothly with smallest friction.
Improves engine stability and life
This is another important benefit offered by regular oil change to vehicle owners. It improves the life of the engine thus making it functional for years to come. Oil change on a regular basis keeps engine clean. Clean engine shows less signs of ageing and offers an excellent performance for a longer time period.
Increased performance
We all know that performance of a vehicle majorly depends on the condition of the engine. If it is good, performance increases.
Stops noise produced by vehicle
Regular changes of engine oil also prevent the parts of an engine from coming into contact with each other. This helps in reducing the noise made by the vehicle. Moreover, it also reduces the temperature of the engine.
Thus, it becomes clear that regular oil change offers a number of advantages to vehicle owners. Getting oil change performed by an auto service centre is a good decision. There are many auto service centers offering such services to vehicle owners. One needs to do a deep research in order to find a reliable service center which uses quality products and motor oil. Individuals can take help from internet in this regard. Share
Win At Sports Betting
Betting is a gambling game. This is a game where you are not aware of the tips to use to win or lose. Many people who have taken part in this game have ended up losing their money. Betting is a game where the chances of winning are equal to the chances of losing. The designers of the gambling made it in such a way that the amount of money people win is less than the amount they make. Knowing how to win at sports betting will be the crucial step of making good earnings out of your bet.
A good bettor should learn on how to win at sports betting by getting a good system that
will guide them on the ways they can bet and win. Having your skills improve each time you bet is a good gear towards achieving massive money out of any betting sport. You can only improve these skills if you are keen. It is good to keep in mind that having good betting skills will be the best winning strategy that will see you earn good cash.
A good bettor should always learn how to play sports betting. This will be a good way of
sharpening the betting skills. However, as a bettor you should know that you should not win on every game you bet. You should accept defeat because there is always a winner and a loser in any game. Use the losing chance as a springboard of harnessing new betting skills. Try and work on your betting skills once you lose. It is good to learn on how to beat sports betting so that you earn more.
When you are learning on how to win at sports betting it is good to know that the amount
of money you earn depends on the decision you make before you bet. This means that you should be able to make good decision that will see you win at the end of the game. Picking on the team you think has all it takes to be winner will be the crucial decision that will add value to your bet.
A good bettor should learn on how to win at sports betting by making use of the internet.
Here, you will find some of the major tips you can apply when betting which will enable you bet on a winning team. You should have good knowledge on the game you are betting on. If for example you are betting on football, you should have crucial information about football. This will give you the crucial skills and experience needed to win the bets. Do not bet based on yourself drive but based on the knowledge you have on the game.
When you are learning on how to win at sports betting, it is good to have knowledge of
the participating odds on the game you want to bet. You should also know the bets and the payments to be given. Without the knowledge of the odds you cannot be able to pick on a winning odd. Having the knowledge of the bets will enable you to be ready for the results. You will have to know that each wager has risks. Share
A good bettor should learn on how to win at sports betting by getting a good system that
will guide them on the ways they can bet and win. Having your skills improve each time you bet is a good gear towards achieving massive money out of any betting sport. You can only improve these skills if you are keen. It is good to keep in mind that having good betting skills will be the best winning strategy that will see you earn good cash.
A good bettor should always learn how to play sports betting. This will be a good way of
sharpening the betting skills. However, as a bettor you should know that you should not win on every game you bet. You should accept defeat because there is always a winner and a loser in any game. Use the losing chance as a springboard of harnessing new betting skills. Try and work on your betting skills once you lose. It is good to learn on how to beat sports betting so that you earn more.
When you are learning on how to win at sports betting it is good to know that the amount
of money you earn depends on the decision you make before you bet. This means that you should be able to make good decision that will see you win at the end of the game. Picking on the team you think has all it takes to be winner will be the crucial decision that will add value to your bet.
A good bettor should learn on how to win at sports betting by making use of the internet.
Here, you will find some of the major tips you can apply when betting which will enable you bet on a winning team. You should have good knowledge on the game you are betting on. If for example you are betting on football, you should have crucial information about football. This will give you the crucial skills and experience needed to win the bets. Do not bet based on yourself drive but based on the knowledge you have on the game.
When you are learning on how to win at sports betting, it is good to have knowledge of
the participating odds on the game you want to bet. You should also know the bets and the payments to be given. Without the knowledge of the odds you cannot be able to pick on a winning odd. Having the knowledge of the bets will enable you to be ready for the results. You will have to know that each wager has risks. Share
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)